Definition and Examples of a Polar Bond in Chemistry

Chemical bonds may be classified as being either polar or nonpolar. The difference is how the electrons in the bond are arranged. Polar Bond Definition A polar bond is a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed. This causes the molecule to have a slight electrical dipole moment where one end is slightly positive and the other is slightly negative. The charge of the electric dipoles is less than a full unit charge, so they are considered partial charges and denoted by delta plus (ÃŽ ´) and delta minus (ÃŽ ´-). Because positive and negative charges are separated in the bond, molecules with polar covalent bonds interact with dipoles in other molecules. This produces dipole-dipole intermolecular forces between the molecules.Polar bonds are the dividing line between pure covalent bonding and pure ionic bonding. Pure covalent bonds (nonpolar covalent bonds) share electron pairs equally between atoms. Technically, nonpolar bonding only occurs when the atoms are identical to each other (e.g., H2 gas), but chemists consider any bond between atoms with a difference in electronegativity les s than 0.4 to be a nonpolar covalent bond. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are nonpolar molecules. In ionic bonds, the electrons in the bond are essentially donated to one atom by the other (e.g., NaCl). Ionic bonds form between atoms when the electronegativity difference between them is greater than 1.7. Technically ionic bonds are completely polar bonds, so the terminology can be confusing. Just remember a polar bond refers to a type of covalent bond where electrons arent equally shared and electronegativity values are slightly different. Polar covalent bonds form between atoms with an electronegativity difference between 0.4 and 1.7. Examples of Molecules with Polar Covalent Bonds Water (H2O) is a polar bonded molecule. The electronegativity value of oxygen is 3.44, while the electronegativity of hydrogen is 2.20. The inequality in electron distribution accounts for the bent shape of the molecule. The oxygen side of the molecule has a net negative charge, while the two hydrogen atoms (on the other side) have a net positive charge. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is another example of a molecule that has a polar covalent bond. Fluorine is the more electronegative atom, so the electrons in the bond are more closely associated with the fluorine atom than with the hydrogen atom. A dipole forms with the fluorine side having a net negative charge and the hydrogen side having a net positive charge. Hydrogen fluoride is a linear molecule because there are only two atoms, so no other geometry is possible. The ammonia molecule (NH3) has polar covalent bonds between the nitrogen and hydrogen atoms. The dipole is such that the nitrogen atom is more negatively charged, with the three hydrogen atoms all on one side of the nitrogen atom with a positive charge. Which Elements Form Polar Bonds? Polar covalent bonds form between two nonmetal atoms that have sufficiently different electronegativities from each other. Because the electronegativity values are slightly different, the bonding electron pair isnt equally shared between the atoms. For example, polar covalent bonds typically form between hydrogen and any other nonmetal. The electronegativity value between metals and nonmetals is large, so they form ionic bonds with each other.

Sexuality And Its Effects On Society - 1845 Words

Over the years our society has developed into a world in which revolves around sex. Media has exposed children to sexual images, behaviors and even language, at any early stage in their development. All that is occurring quickly and they aren’t developmentally qualified to handle these situations. Acknowledging sexuality is a part of life and everyone has or will experience this in their lifetime. By an early age children should understand how their bodies will begin to change because there isn’t a concrete time to when this will happen. Throughout the years programs have been evaluated to determine when a child should begin to learn about sex and what would be the most effective way but society has not yet come to a conclusion on this matter. As the mind of a child develops and it’s complexity increases, their ability of creating sexual fantasies becomes more elaborate. They begin having fantasies that not only include them but also others they may know or have come in contact with. Their minds grow out of the elementary cooties phase and the idea of having intercourse or making love with another person suddenly doesn’t seem disgusting. The majority of human beings begin to have sexual feelings in their earliest development, as babies. â€Å"Each time someone changed our diapers and powered our private parts we had sexual feelings in the most basic sense-nice physical sensations down where the Pampers go† (Joannides, 736). Why would anyone want to arouse their child by touchingShow MoreRelatedSexuality And Its Effect On Society1306 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinitive flavor to our respective recipes is sexuality. The basis in which the term sexuality is defined can appear deceptively simplistic. By a gen eral definition, sexuality is a person’s sexual orientation or preference. Reality, however, has its sly way of skewing the fundamental meaning of human sexuality into a continuum, a spectrum rather, which encompasses aspects beyond just sexual orientation or preference. This intricate definition forged by society and the media- the reality of many nowadays-Read MoreSexual Sexuality And Its Effects On Society1443 Words   |  6 Pagesbrain anatomy discoveries together lead most scientists to conclude that sexual orientation is rooted in the brain: it is not a matter of choice or result of sexual abuse or parent-child interactions early in life. None of the major scientific societies, including the American Medical Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, considers same-sex attraction a disorder. Like heterosexual youth, gay, lesbian, and bisexual young people discover how theirRead MoreSex Sexuality And Its Effect On Socie ty1458 Words   |  6 Pages The world in constantly evolving and ideas that were once seen as radical soon become a societal norm. Sex and sexuality have often been a taboo topic, but are a central part of history because life itself would not exists without sex. Since sexuality, and even more so same-sex sexuality, were not often mentioned historically, there are many unknowns and inferencing must be done relatively often. Through the convergence of primary sources, such as court cases and diaries, and secondaryRead MoreHuman Sexuality And Its Effect On Society2663 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Human sexuality is defined as the capability of individuals to experience their sexuality and be able to express themselves as sexual beings (Hyde DeLameck, 2006). Our interest in this topic is because with time, there has been a change in rules that control human sexual behaviour. The status quo in our contemporary society is much different as compared to an earlier state of conditions, and the change has, as a result, brought the evolvement in human sexuality. People s view onRead MoreHuman Sexuality And Its Effects On Society Essay1875 Words   |  8 Pageswe learned about different aspects of human sexuality. Regardless of the subject, the most important take away is diversity. All the sections discussed in and outside of class demonstrate how sexually diverse people are around the world. In order to truly understand how widespread and diverse sexuality is; we explored cultures, evolution, studies, biology, religion, physiology, and psychology. By delving into these categories , we can comprehend sexuality and apply our knowledge to a greater numberRead MoreGlobalization And Sexuality1247 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters. Sexuality refers to how people relate to sexual activities or perceive sexual matters. Sexuality may differ from one culture to the other, but the cultures are likely to influence each other’s sexual beliefs and orientation. Globalization has had an extensive influence on the changes witnessed in sexuality across the globe. It is through globalization that sexual purposes have gotten new meanings. Some of the topics which come up as a link between globalization and sexuality are sexualRead MoreThe History Of Sexuality By Michel Foucault1729 Words   |  7 Pageschapter of the book entitled â€Å"The History of Sexuality† by Michel Foucault seeks to explain the traditional and modern issues regarding sexuality. Michel argues out that during the 17th century, sexuality was not a big deal, and various sexual acts were pursued more or less deliberately. Primarily, there was no taboo concerning sex and people of all age groups including children were well aware of sexual behaviours. Michel then points out that sexuality was now shifted to the homes where it was meantRead MoreFeminist Theory : A Feminist Perspective1558 Words   |  7 PagesShildrick 1999, 79). Due to the fact that we live in a male dominant society, women have always felt subordinate to men. As a result, the goal of feminist theory, is to invite individuals who are interested in becoming feminist advocates and are willing to help with the â€Å"breaking out of the boundaries of the proper body, of overflowing the sexual categories assigned to women† in today’s world (Price and Shildrick 1999, 80). In today’s society, people tend to visualize and in some case, even alter their bodiesRead MoreMedia Influence On The Media993 Words   |  4 Pages they can do anything. Media is the way to translate different news, video s, music over the people. I think media influence the most about the sexuality. Media influence me by showing different sexual stories in the newspaper, by posting videos and picture on the website, and by watching different sexual videos on movies influence the most about sexuality. It is a positive influence because we can get the knowledge about sexual precaution and awareness. Television programs influence about sexualRead MoreThe Beat Generations Effect On Jitterbug Perfume1550 Words   |  7 PagesBeat Generation’s Effect on Jitterbug Perfume In the Novel Jitterbug Perfume, many themes and ideas from the Beat Generation can be found. The Beat Generation was a movement developed by young people who rejected conventional society in the late 1950s. The idea of the generation was strictly based on modern Jazz, free sexuality, recreational drugs, and rejecting standard ways. Developing sexuality, depending on drugs and the pursuit in individuality we taken from the Generation and creativity

Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Free Essays

Domestic Violence and Child abuse University of North Carolina at Wilmington Social Work 311: Child Abuse and Neglect M. Guarino 3-28-2011 Abstract Domestic violence and child abuse have a tendency to go hand in hand. In the past, people overlooked the fact that in most households where domestic violence kids present, child abuse and neglect also occurs. We will write a custom essay sample on Domestic Violence and Child Abuse or any similar topic only for you Order Now An improvement in the collaboration between child protection and domestic violence services is vital for workers to identify, interdict, and resolve the issues related to abuse in all forms. Cross training and interagency cooperation will greatly reduce abuse and increase the efficiency in which help is administered. 4-29-2011 SWK 311 Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Some parents abuse their kids because they have an alcohol or drug problem, or they have an extreme temper and they take it out on their kids, some parents abuse their kids because the parents went through something traumatic. Some parents abuse their children because they were abused when they were children, and then, you get some people who are just plain cruel and enjoy abusing children. In most instances domestic violence in the family structure also has an impact on the existence of child abuse. Households that experience some form or another of domestic violence also have higher rates of child abuse/neglect issues. We should recognize that domestic violence can also be associated with child abuse and improve the collaboration between child protection and domestic violence services. Child buse and neglect in the context of domestic violence can be played out in a variety of ways; the same perpetrator may be abusing both mother and children, probably the most common scenario; the children may be injured when â€Å"caught in the crossfire† during incidents of adult domestic violence; children may experience neglect because of the impact of the violence, controlling behaviors and abuse on women’s physical and mental health; or children may be abused by a mother who is herself being abused. Evidence is emerging in cases where both domestic violence and child abuse occur represent the greatest risk to children’s safety (Stanley 1997) and that large numbers of cases in which children are killed have histories of domestic violence(Wilczynski 1996). The man of the family is usually the root cause of the problem, however child protection services has a history of focusing on the mother, despite the fact that men are estimated to be responsible for half of the incidents of physical abuse of children, and the majority of the most serious physical abuse. Most interventions by Child protection have focused on the woman, even when their violent male partners have been known to have committed the abuse of children. This is problematic because this gender bias can result in women being held accountable for â€Å"failing to protect† their children from the actions of men who use violence against them and therefore a failure to hold men accountable for the effects of their violence on women and children. An understanding of how domestic abuse effects child abuse is crucial in developing strategies to combat the child abuse problem. For child protection services to be effective there needs to be an understood collaboration between them and the domestic violence services. Child protection agencies have been slow or failed to recognize the contribution of domestic violence to many situations of child abuse and neglect. Some differences are that child protective services usually deal with involuntary clients, whereas domestic violence service workers deal with people on a voluntary basis. Child protective services deal with women who may be at a very different stage in recognizing and dealing with the violence in their relationships, than women who contact domestic violence services. For a collaboration to be effective, both agencies must understand each other’s work, what it is and what it isn’t. They must also appreciate the constraints, pressures, and limitations under which they are both operating. Both entities need to realize that domestic violence goes hand in hand with child abuse and vice-versa. Strategies should also be changed by child protection agencies in reference to their approach of men. They need to learn about legal approaches to contain the violent men, so that they do not merely rely on threats to a mother to physically remove her children. They also need to learn to relate to abused women in ways that do not replicate the controlling and threatening behaviors of the perpetrator. Some interesting ways so that the two agencies could work together is cross-training, integration, and specialized teams. Mandatory cross-training would enable both agencies to realize the identifying factors and how to go about handling them. It would enable the agencies to see the powers and limitations of each other. Integration of the agencies will also enable them to use to their resources to their fullest potential. It is kind of like the Sherriff’s department and the city police, both are basically doing the same task, but they are two separate entities who rarely communicate with each other. If they merged together and integrated all of their resources they would probably be more efficient. The same goes with child protection and domestic violence services. Specialized teams would also be very beneficial because they could use their special skills to handle very tricky situations. The teams could team up with the police and court system to find a way to handle the situation. Establishing this â€Å"common ground† approach between the two agencies will significantly reduce child abuse in domestic violence households. In response to the growing recognition of the intersection of domestic violence and child abuse and neglect, significant efforts are being made to improve the collaboration between domestic violence and child protection services. This is very important to recognize that one usually affects the other. We must understand and use every available resource to combat the problem. Instead of standing there with our hands tied behind our backs not being able to do anything, let’s use every available tool and resource that is available to help the child. Anything that can be done to save or at least help any child that is in an abusive situation is worth it. References Stanley, N. 1197, ‘Domestic Violence and Child Abuse: Developing Social Work Practice’, Child and Family Social Work, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 135-146 Wilczynski, A. 1996, ‘Risk Factors for Child and Spousal Homicide’, Psychiatry and Behavioral Disorders: Family Law Issues, LAAMS Publications, Bondi Junction How to cite Domestic Violence and Child Abuse, Papers